![]() Typical areas for these hummingbirds are plentiful with an abundance of green plants. In the breeding season, rufous hummingbirds inhabit terrestrial habitats such as meadows, parks, orchards, coniferous forests, chaparral and gardens. ( Healy and Calder, 2006 Supp, et al., 2015) By March, they travel northward along the coast of California to reach Washington again by the end of April. These birds remain there until late February or early March. This range is roughly 200 km along the Pacific northwestern coast of North America.Äuring winter migration (July-early September), the hummingbirds travel southward through the western US to reach southern California and nearly all Mexico (except the southern peninsula). The hummingbirds’ range includes Washington state in the United States northward to British Columbia, Canada. The breeding season lasts from April to July. Rufous hummingbirds travel in a loop pattern when migrating, rather than a linear pathway. Migratory distances average 2,700 km, but can be as long as 4,000 km. ![]() ![]() There are no files associated with this item.Rufous hummingbirds ( Selasphorus rufus) are migratory birds that inhabit the Nearctic region. Univ Estadual Paulista, Programa Posgrad Zool, Lab Ecol Polinizacao & Interacoes, Dept Zool,Inst Biociencias Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Biol Anim, Programa Posgrad Ecol,Lab Interacoes Multitrof &, Campinas, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Lab Ecol Polinizacao & Interacoes, Dept Bot, Inst Biociencias Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) The silence of prey: Hummingbirds do not respond to potential ambush predators on flowers We conclude that hummingbirds are potential prey for opportunistic ambush predators. Since such predators are generalists and the events of predation are sporadic, they do not exert selective pressures strong enough to lead to the development of evasive behaviours. The results suggest that these birds do not have counter-adaptations to identify invertebrate ambush predators as a threat. Our results show that hummingbirds initially avoided contact with the predator, but later they visited both groups indiscriminately. The rate of visitation was also indirectly estimated based on residual nectar and pollen. We used Heliconia velloziana as a mutualist model, in which, we separated plant flowers in two groups - plants with predators and plants without predators - in order to observe the behaviour of pollinators during their foraging activity. Thus, our study sought to investigate hummingbird behaviour against potential opportunist predators during their search for food resources. ![]() Despite the reports of arboreal tarantulas preying on hummingbirds, little is known about the behaviour of these birds in the presence of their predators. An unexplored example of this strategy is the interaction between vertebrate pollinators and ambush predators. Among the various strategies used by predators to obtain food, there are those in which they take advantage of the vulnerability of the prey during its foraging bouts. Predation is one of the most important ecological factors determining the structure and functioning of ecosystems.
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